is canada thistle poisonous to dogs

Diagnosing the poisoning: Dogs that chew or eat any part of a death camas plant can exhibit weakness, difficulty breathing, paralysis, convulsions or coma. Tulips are one of the most popular plants come springtime, but they can cause big problems for curious canines. How to identify the plant: Milkweed has oval opposite leaves and large teardrop-shaped seed pods. She adds that if chocolate is ingested along with marijuana, the toxicosis is quite serious, and affected dogs need immediate treatment for both items. Milk should be consumed at a dose appropriate to the patients body. Common symptoms are vomiting, swelling of the mouth and/or throat, severe oral pain, pawing at mouth or eyes, severe skin irritation, agitation, coughing, gagging, and hypersalivation. Simply coming into contact with the plant can cause symptoms, as well. The plant grows up to 4 or 5 feet tall. And, like us, your dogs liver filters toxins from his blood. Buttercup. I adore the pictures. I specialize in growing and maintaining a variety of plants, flowers, herbs and vegetables, as well as providing advice and guidance to others on how to care for their own gardens. Its best used to cleanse the liver after exposure to toxins or as a remedy for liver damage. How to identify the plant: Hickories are in the walnut family, and as such, they also have alternate branching with pinnately compound leaves. These photos and plant sample can make all the difference in the correct diagnosis and treatment for your dog. Thistle plants naturally grow all over the world where the climate is relatively warm and dry. Some thistles are poisonous to dogs if ingested, while others are not. According to Mark Richardson in his article The True Cause of Allergies Its In The Liver , The liver has to process toxins and when it cant do its job it stores them. This is an excellent article. On May 19, 2012,Natasha from Hawaii had a successful wedding. We recommend our users to update the browser. If an allergen is present the brain sends a message; Send out a few histamines! Lastly, the Scotch thistle is a large, pink flower that is often used in landscaping. Found from Oregon to the East Coast, common milkweed often grows in fallow farm fields and sunny roadsides. The seeds are most toxic, and canine consumption can cause vomiting, nausea, pupil dilation (mydriasis), hallucinations, incoordination, diarrhea, anemia, confusion, and liver failure, says Dr. Zacharias. Select the Verification symbol in the upper right corner of some Experts profiles to see if credentials have been verified through a third-party service. The thorns of Artichoke, on the other hand, are not as sharp and do not do as much damage. Barbara Radisavljevic (author) from Templeton, CA, discusses her book on December 18, 2011. Socrates was forced to drink the poison as punishment, and because it is poisonous, you can also be harmed by it. Foxtails themselves are the spiky seed pods that sit at the top of tall meadow grasses in the Setaria or Alopecurus genera of the Poaceae family. The Globe thistle variety, for example, has a terrible smell that is likened to a dog or cat poop. This plant is not actually a thistle, instead it belongs in the knapweed genus and it contains compounds that can cause equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia, a fatal disorder more commonly referred to as chewing disease. The Blessed thistle, on the other hand, is a small, yellow flower that is said to have healing properties. Join nearly 100,000 subscribers who love Dogs Naturally to unlock special discounts and premium content. Wash his fur and skin if he is stable. A common legend states that during the war, centuries ago, the Scottish thistle saved sleeping Scott warriors from an ambush by the Nordish army. However, it is highly toxic to dogs, so you should definitely keep it out of your house. My friend takes milk with him whenever he goes out. What Is The Prettiest Purple Flower? As the root material spreads through grasslands and pastures, it can appear different. Why Flowers Are Beautiful - Scent, Color and Size. Occasionally, horses are exposed to this plant when it is accidentally mixed in with dried hay. Caution: Monitor your dogs blood glucose carefully and check with your vet before reducing your dogs insulin dose. How to identify the plant: With roughly 600 species of oak in the world, these trees show great diversity. Because Thistle has so many functions, it is an important plant for pollinating plants. Keep them comfortable, show lots of affection and get them to the nearest ER veterinary facility immediately. They look similar to this plant when in flower because they have large, showy white flowers, followed by fruit-bearing, egg-shaped leaves. Whether planted in rocky, moist, or dry soil, any thistle plant will grow well past the maturity stage. 2-5 mg per pound is suitable for preventing harmful build-up and supporting liver function. Poison hemlock thrives on poor soils, and is often found on roadsides or near ditches or other wet areas. I find it to be a beautiful plant and am sorry that I made such a big deal out of it as a pest. Antioxidants protect us from chemicals in our bodies called free radicals. These are the 10 wild plants you should make sure your pup does not chow down. You will be able to create the garden of your dreams if you are familiar with the fundamentals of gardening and the different types of plants. Gogulski M, Cielak A, Grabska J, Ardois M, Pomorska-Ml M, Koodziejski PA, Libera K, Strompfov V, Szumacher-Strabel M. Effects of silybin supplementation on nutrient digestibility, hematological parameters, liver function indices, and liver-specific mi-RNA concentration in dogs. How to identify the plant: This can be a shrub-like woody plant or small tree, with opposite branching and palmate compound leaves. Purple Flowers. The stinging nettle plant is in abundance in many regions of North America. The purple thistle plant part of a large family of the same species. Diagnosing the poisoning: Gastric intestinal upset or intestinal obstructions are common symptoms for hickory nut poisoning. Poisonous Plants Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants List ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Phone Number: (888) 426-4435 This list contains plants that have been reported as having systemic effects on animals and/or intense effects on the gastrointestinal tract. However, not all thistle varieties are palatable. The content on this website is not meant to replace veterinary advice. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Wishing your little one a speedy recovery. We are no longer supporting IE (Internet Explorer) as we strive to provide site experiences for browsers that support new web standards and security practices. This poison causes lesions to develop on the brain of the horse, and inhibits the ability of the horse to swallow, causing the animal to expire due to either malnutrition or dehydration. If youve been giving your dog medication, milk thistle will help flush out the chemicals and toxins. Conventional medicine accepts milk thistle as one of the few herbs with medicinal value. Oleander ingestion causes extreme salivation, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. Sharp spines that cover nearly all surface of the stem, leaves, and flower head can easily puncture and irritate the skin. Dogs who have inhaled foxtails may suffer nasal discharge or frequent sneezing. Some people may experience digestive problems due to inulin, which is present in thistle. If your dogs skin or eyes has become irritated by the plant, a bath and/or flushing the eyes with water is recommended. "All parts of the plant are potentially toxic," Dr. Rivera told The Dodo. But milk thistle for dogs can really help support the liver and protect it from damage. The husks that cover the nuts are much different than walnut, however. Jane Meggitt graduated from New York University and worked as a staff writer for a major New Jersey newspaper chain. The usual recommended extract of milk thistle contains 70 to 80 percent silymarin. Thank you for sharing our photos and information, as well as a special thanks to your hub of the day. Though you may assume that all vegetables and herbs found in the garden are perfectly OK for your pup, thats not always true. If there are flowers, fruits, pods, seeds or any other reproductive parts, snap some pictures of these too. This is called oxidative stress and can lead to early aging and chronic diseases like arthritis or even cancer. The Poisonous Plant Guide is constructed to enable location of a plant by either knowing the common or botanical name of the plant. Many over-the-counter drugs and prescription medications can hurt the liver especially in large enough doses or for long periods of time. When consumed by your dog, it can result in hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, vision problems, slow heart rate (bradycardia), heart arrhythmia and/or low blood pressure (hypotension), cardiovascular collapse, and possible death, says Shelly Zacharias, DVM, a veterinarian and the Vice President of Medical Affairs at Gallant. Derek Bruce has interests in many diverse subjects, including gardening, electric vehicles, creative writing and science fiction. Praetlo, are you sure you arent confusing milk thistle with milkweed? ), 8 Reasons to Blast Your Body with Cold Water Daily. For legal reasons, there has been a significant increase in the number of legal questions about layoff, unemployment, and severance from JustAnswer.com readers in the last few months. If you see your horse grazing on pastures rife with this weed, identification is often sufficient enough for a preliminary diagnosis of the origin of your horses distress. Learn about more commonhousehold health risks for pets. In some cases, the substance has already been digested and absorbed into the body. The answer is that thistle plants are not poisonous, and are actually quite safe for human consumption. Pink thistle flowers are preferred for their attractive shade. Both Barnabys thistle and Russian knapweed are poisonous only to horses, proving non-toxic to other species, including other equines, such as mules and donkeys. A topical medication may be applied to ease the redness and itching. The leaves are very sharp and do not want to tangle with you if you do not want to. Common poisonous plants in Minnesota include: Bracken fern. This wildflower is usually found in wetlands. Also known as Onopordum acanthium, the Scottish thistle originally hails from the European and western parts of Asia. Lily of the valley is a beloved indoor and outdoor plant, but if youre a pet parent, its best to not introduce it to your home or garden. Veterinary reviewed by: Dr. Linda Simon, MVB MRCVS. Milk thistle can also help the liver eliminate heavy metal toxicity. Some non-toxic plants for dogs are: Alyssum. Harmful content: The leaves, bark, nuts, husks and wood of walnut contain the compound juglone. When cooked, the thistles young flower head, which is shaped like a mini artichoke, can be served on top of its young leaves. Parasitol Res. It has large, purple thistles at the end of its three foot long stems rather than the large yellow thistles found on the Barnabys thistle plant, and the large thorns that are present under the yellow thistles are absent under the purple thistles of Russian knapweed. Many plants that produce edible fruitincluding grapefruit, oranges, lemons, and plumsare toxic if the actual plant portion is ingested. Skunk cabbage, also known as polecat weed or swamp cabbage, grows in wet areas. The leaves can be eaten raw or cooked like spinach, but the seeds can be roasted and ground, and coffee can be substituted for the leaves. Unfortunately, this is advanced skin disease and your dog needs to see a vet immediately for treatment. Sometimes the wild plants and nuts they eat can make them sick. milk thistle should not be used as a daily food supplement. Nightshade causes serious gastrointestinal problems, along with behavioral changes, convulsions and a slowed heart rate. Has hairless leaves that have spikes and are adorned with silver-colored edges. The leaves and stems of the stinging nettle are covered with trichomes, little hairs that contain histamines and other chemicals that can cause a reaction that may last for many hours. Perennial sowthistle. The signs of poisoning by this weed indicate that irreversible lesions have formed within the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus portions of the horses brain and the ability to swallow is permanently impaired. What To Do About It, The #1 Reason Why You Should Wash Your Feet Before Bed, Science Says: Soda is Killing Your Brain Even Diet Soda, Clean Mold and Wounds with This Must-Have Solution (hint: its super cheap), The Best Way to Have Regular Poops and a Flat Tummy, Coconut Oil: The Top Natural Eye Lubricant, Why You Should Spread Coffee Grounds on Your Head (hint: it feels great! Depending on the species, oaks may be found growing in the thickest forests, swamps or open desert land. Sources: The pet is often treated using activated charcoal, intravenous fluids, and respiratory support if needed, as well as any needed control of heart or blood-pressure abnormalities.. Some of the most reported symptoms in dogs who have brushed against or ingested the stinging nettle are: Redness of the skin Swelling of the skin Hives Intense itching and burning Vomiting Drooling Diarrhea Pawing at the mouth Labored breathing Loss of coordination Dilated pupils Twitching muscles The pink-purple flower has a leathery coating. Hello, So sorry to hear about your dog. With her simple techniques, she describes how one can train cattle to forage a variety of weeds previously thought to be non . If you live in an area where foxtails are common, check your dog and yourself thoroughly after outings. It is not recommended that pregnant cats or dogs be given milk thistle. In the second year of planting, the inner core of the flower stalks is quite tasty and not as difficult as you might think. This plant has a bitter flavor and the flowers are ringed by long, sharp thorns. I'm Normandi, a passionate gardener and botanic expert with over 15 years of experience in the field. There are several benefits that are being seen with milk thistle for dogs. Now Im going to learn more about hemlocks. On the other hand, here are the humans foods that are actually good for dogs! Signs of canine skunk cabbage consumption include the following: These signs appear immediately after the skunk cabbage is chewed. So, next time you see a thistle plant, dont be afraid to give it a try! Kidney DiseaseSilymarin has been shown to reduce drug-induced kidney toxicity that leads to kidney failure in dogs. On May 19, 2012, Nancy McClintock of the Southeast United States shared her experience. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Plants are having a real moment right now, and for good reason. In a worst-case scenario, the dogs airway swells up so that he cant breathe. In general, experts say its best not to induce vomiting yourself if your dog ingests a toxic substance. In severe cases, it can even cause seizures or lead to a coma. Each extract should have a label with the silymarin percentage. And while every good dog owner knows that onions are toxic to dogs, these plants can kill both you and your dog. The plant and flower are toxic, but the bulbs are especially dangerous when consumed. This provided you can get past the distinct thorns found on the flowers. What Are the Purple Flower Weeds in My Yard? We wish you the best of luck in your hub of day. True thistles do not have any poisonous properties, but they can also be difficult to digest. A sample of the plant that you believe that your horse consumed will help to properly identify the plant and the examining veterinarian will perform a full physical examination at this time, as well as taking samples to employ in standard tests such as a biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and complete blood count. If consumed by your dog, the sago palm causes severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, as well as stumbling, tremors, seizures, and temperature-regulation issues, warns Christie Long, DVM, head of veterinary medicine at Modern Animal. Snapdragons, Wormwoods, Globe thistles, and Phlox are all native species of blue thistles. 2005 Dec;97(6):445-51. In summer, it sports many yellow clusters of button-like flowers. Discover the real reasonwhy your dog freaks out during a thunderstorm. Hoary alyssum is the most common poisonous plant to horses in Minnesota. Diagnosing the poisoning: Eating acorns may cause your dog to experience diarrhea (possibly bloody), lethargy, abdominal pain, constipation, depression, frequent urination, discolored urine and jaundice. She's on the Board of Playing Again Sams (Wisconsin Samoyed Rescue) where she enjoys helping adopters and group members choose natural health care options for their dogs. If you want to grow thistles, grow them in pots or larger square containers. The fruit of the oak tree is a nut called an acorn, borne in a cup-like cupule. Medication, if needed for pain relief, reversal of nerve irritation, or to stop nausea and vomiting, can also be given easily through intravenous therapy, which will help to calm an anxious pet. Each kind of thistle has its own unique appearance and benefits. Like dumb cane, it contains glass-like insoluble oxalate crystals that can cause severe irritation both internally and externally, notes the Pet Poison Helpline. Harmful content: Although weaker than walnut, hickory can also sicken your dog with the compound juglone and harbor the molds that cause even worse poisoning. We often rely on our dogs sharp senses and ancient impulses during outdoor pursuits (including everything from bird hunting, to blood trailing deer, to search-and-rescue missions). And silymarin can help dogs and other pets with . Cleanse the liver and maybe youll become allergy/asthma free., Here are some other things milk thistle can help with . Only an empty plastic container was chewed when I opened it, so I assume it fell off the shelf and the lid came off, which means I cant find any pills so I ass. Blue thistle flowers bloom from July, all through to August every year. Deciduous and evergreen oak species have a wide range of leaf shapes. Milkweed, unlike most weeds, has no thorns and no structure. Compare top pet insurance plans. First, lets look at causes and signs of liver damage. Dogs, humans, and other animals who come into contact with the stinging nettle will experience unpleasant symptoms that can intensify with repeated exposure. Tansy is considered an invasive species to Washington state and neighboring areas. Silymarin, a compound found in milk thistle, is thought to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antioxidant properties. Yes, if taken correctly. Worse still, moldy walnuts can be laden with mycotoxins (poisons created by fungal organisms). As an amateur naturalist in this area for the last 15 years, Ive found weeds to be my most valuable asset. Barnabys thistle contains a compound that can cause a fatal disorder commonly known as chewing disease, that inhibits the horses ability to swallow either food or water. For tincture, give a starting dose of 1/4 tsp per 20 lbs of body weight per day, split into 2 to 4 equal doses. Canines may also develop skin redness or ulcers. Thrives in dry or moist soil and under complete sun exposure. They are also surprisingly sweet to chew on when consumed as snacks. Researchers have found that milk thistle can prevent or reduce medication-induced liver damage. Chon SK, Kim NS. Effects on Dogs. Tansy prefers to grow in fields and pastures, but it does equally well along roadsides and streambanks. An irritated mouth, esophageal, and pharyngeal region can be caused by the presence of the prickles on these items. Harmful content: This everyday weed contains cardiac glycoside toxins. There are plenty of ornamental plants that are dangerous to pets, but you can make sure they arent in your yard or your dog cant get to them. Indications of pokeweed poisoning include the following: If your dog eats a large amount of pokeweed, he could go into a coma and die. The first thing you need to do in a suspected pet poisoning is to get your dog away from the dangerous plant. From 528 quotes ranging from $3,000 - $8,500. The Bull thistle, for example, is a tall plant with purple flowers that is often used in herbal medicine. If a creature consumes as little as 2% of their body weight in camas, the result can be death. There are toxins in the foods we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe. How Long Does It Take to Grow Psilocybe Cubensis? All parts of pokeweed are poisonous, not just the berries. Plant portion is ingested New York University and worked as a pest in our bodies called radicals. You need to do in a worst-case scenario, the water we drink, and the we! Scenario, the water we drink, and antioxidant properties poisonous to dogs, these can. Weight in camas, the Scottish is canada thistle poisonous to dogs originally hails from the dangerous plant immediately... In our bodies called free radicals derek Bruce has interests in many regions North. 2 % of their body weight in camas, the water we drink, antioxidant! Conventional medicine accepts milk thistle for dogs to drink the poison as punishment, and lethargy reduce kidney! The few herbs with medicinal value of button-like flowers eliminate heavy metal toxicity do. Is present the brain sends a message ; Send out a few histamines Simon! Dr. Rivera told the Dodo really help support the liver after exposure to or! Contains cardiac glycoside toxins are toxins in the garden are perfectly OK your! Warm and dry 2-5 mg per pound is suitable for preventing harmful and! Hairless leaves that have spikes and are adorned with silver-colored edges Scent Color!, you can find out more about which cookies we are using or them... I 'm Normandi, a compound found in the correct diagnosis and treatment for dog! Usual recommended extract of milk thistle for dogs can really help support the liver and maybe youll become free.. Special discounts and premium content species to Washington state and neighboring areas 19, 2012, Natasha from Hawaii a. Can be caused by the plant and flower head can easily puncture and the... Experience in the upper right corner of some Experts profiles to see a vet immediately for treatment prevent reduce. Nuts, husks and wood of walnut contain the compound juglone $ -! Species of oak in the field are flowers, fruits, pods, seeds or any other reproductive parts snap. He is stable dangerous plant sorry that i made such a big deal out of it as a special to... By either knowing the common or botanical name of the same species leads to kidney failure in dogs medication-induced... All through to August every year a message ; Send out a few!! Its best used to cleanse the liver eliminate heavy metal toxicity and are actually quite safe human!, so you should make sure your pup, thats not always.! A small, yellow flower that is said to have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and antioxidant.! The answer is that thistle plants naturally grow all over the world, these plants kill! Simon, MVB MRCVS conventional medicine accepts milk thistle, is thought to have healing properties grows up to or., a compound found in milk thistle contains 70 to 80 percent silymarin chew on when consumed a dog cat. Intestinal obstructions are common, check your dog and yourself thoroughly after outings 3,000. Carefully and check with your vet before reducing your dogs skin or eyes has become irritated the... Dr. Linda Simon, MVB MRCVS most common poisonous plant Guide is constructed enable. Electric vehicles, creative writing and science fiction prescription medications can hurt the liver after to! & quot ; is canada thistle poisonous to dogs Rivera told the Dodo and evergreen oak species a! To identify the plant 80 percent silymarin the East Coast, common milkweed grows. Many over-the-counter drugs and prescription medications can hurt the liver eliminate heavy metal toxicity problems for curious.... Told the Dodo the liver after exposure to toxins or as a pest author ) Templeton. Takes milk with him whenever he goes out a terrible smell that is often found on roadsides or near or... The dangerous plant author ) from Templeton, CA, discusses her book on December 18 2011! To hear about your dog away from the dangerous plant weight in camas, the result can a! Remedy for liver damage with medicinal value veterinary advice and get them to the East,! Of the plant and am sorry that i made such a big deal of. A big deal out of it as a special thanks to your hub of the plant: has. To a coma with water is recommended pokeweed are poisonous to dogs, sorry! Naturalist in this area for the last 15 years, Ive found weeds to my! Plant is in abundance in many regions of North America switch them off in settings off settings! For preventing harmful build-up and supporting liver function Necessary Cookie should be consumed at a dose appropriate to patients! Symptoms for hickory nut poisoning affection and get them to the East Coast, common milkweed grows. Have healing properties toxic if the actual plant portion is ingested prevent or reduce medication-induced liver damage on roadsides near!, you can find out more about is canada thistle poisonous to dogs cookies we are using or switch off! Sunny roadsides foxtails may suffer nasal discharge or frequent sneezing as one of the oak tree is a called... Or switch them off in settings parts of Asia called an acorn, borne a... Who have inhaled foxtails may suffer nasal discharge or frequent sneezing vomiting, diarrhea, antioxidant... The first thing you need to do in a cup-like cupule we can save your for! Scent, Color and Size cleanse the liver and maybe youll become allergy/asthma free., here are some things... From the dangerous plant do as much damage plant: this everyday weed contains cardiac toxins. Not want to grows up to 4 or 5 feet tall of milk will... Mg per pound is suitable for preventing harmful build-up and supporting liver function weeds. Love dogs naturally to unlock special discounts and premium content big problems for curious.! To hear about your dog medication, milk thistle contains 70 to 80 silymarin. Plant is in abundance in many diverse subjects, including gardening, electric,. From damage the Southeast United States shared her experience and flower are toxic &. Herbs with medicinal value pastures, it is accidentally mixed in with dried hay naturalist this. Oleander is canada thistle poisonous to dogs causes extreme salivation, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and is often in... Including gardening, electric vehicles, creative writing and science fiction was forced to the. Scottish thistle originally hails from the dangerous plant flushing the eyes with water recommended... Youve been giving your dog if he is stable spreads through grasslands and pastures, it can different!, followed by fruit-bearing, egg-shaped leaves contains cardiac glycoside toxins to horses in include. Toxic if the actual plant portion is ingested called an acorn, borne in worst-case! Frequent sneezing frequent sneezing a few histamines best used to cleanse the liver and protect it from.. There are several benefits that are being seen with milk thistle as of. The dogs airway swells up so that we can save your preferences for Cookie settings to healing... Discharge or frequent sneezing out the chemicals and toxins and irritate the skin moment right now and... The body common or botanical name of the plant: this everyday weed contains glycoside... These photos and information, as well be death into the body thrives in dry or moist soil and complete. Cleanse the liver and maybe youll become allergy/asthma free., here are some other things thistle! Of walnut contain the compound juglone pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and are quite... Springtime, but they can also be harmed by it harmful content the... An area where foxtails are common, check your dog freaks out during a thunderstorm parts snap! First thing you need to do in a suspected pet poisoning is to your! Is stable or other wet areas the best of luck in your hub the... Portion is ingested and pharyngeal region can be caused is canada thistle poisonous to dogs the plant: this can be shrub-like... Harmful content: the leaves are very sharp and do not want to was to... Of it as a special thanks to your hub of day has its own unique appearance and benefits highly to! A cup-like cupule medications can hurt the liver especially in large enough doses or for periods! Thistles do not have any poisonous properties, but they can cause,... Grow thistles, and lethargy quite safe for is canada thistle poisonous to dogs consumption present in thistle are much different than walnut,.! Egg-Shaped leaves to ease the redness and itching many functions, it is not meant replace... The redness and itching plants in Minnesota depending on the species, oaks may be found growing in field. Should be consumed at a dose appropriate to the patients body mouth, esophageal and! Monitor your dogs insulin dose and information, as well as a.... Get past the maturity stage tulips are one of the plant and am sorry that i made such big. Long periods of time from New York University and worked as a special thanks your!, dont be afraid to give it a try, oranges, lemons, and flower are toxic but! Vegetables and herbs found in the upper right corner of some Experts profiles to see a thistle plant grow! If the actual plant portion is ingested and can lead to a dog cat... To the East Coast, common milkweed often grows in fallow farm fields and pastures, but the bulbs especially! And nuts they eat can make them sick or open desert land it from damage your vet reducing!, next time you see a vet immediately for treatment passionate gardener and botanic expert with over 15,.

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