bmw e46 320d boost leak symptoms

You need to remove the filter housing that contains the air filter for the cabin area, 3 or 4 bolts with a torx head. If getting ready to buy one, or have one and want to know what might be some of the common problems to expect in the future, this list could be useful. Certain E90 models, particularly the 320d EfficientDynamics version, can be susceptible to excessive . To me that doesnt seem right my uncle had a 320d that pulled much better and boost cannot kick in that late just doesnt sound right for a diesel as far as I know it should be kicking in around 1750rpm on the 320d? When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. This tiny amount of water won't do any damage to your engine. For example, rear main seal leaks are a dime a dozen for high mileage Fords. Either you connected it up wrong, or the pipes are broken, or there is another type of leak or the pressure converter is faulty. BMW MY08 E92 335XI - GONE BMW MY06 E46 325XI - GONE. Try cleaning the oily parts of the engine before you make a decision that your pan is leaking because the oil pan gasket is a major pain in the a$$ if you have to replace it. JavaScript is disabled. Here are some of the more common signs of fuel injector malfunction or failure that you should be aware of: Fuel injectors that arent performing properly dont propel the correct amount of fuel into the chamber, which poses difficulties accelerating. Show more. If your engine has too much fuel, it floods the engine. They are commonly replaced between 50k-200k miles. It is not very common to have a poor idle because of a boost pipe leak, though it can happen if the leak is large. BTW, use BMW VCG only, about $30-$40 or so. There are all kinds of hacks out there to repair this issue, but the right thing to do is to get a new set of BMW door seals. by Nige1975. 1 - To hold the tube (in most cases where a locking shim is not there). We offer free impartial advice and also offer professional diagnostic and fitting services in our workshop. You can also carefully try to pressurize the engine boost pipes with compressed air if you have an air compressor. Compromised Drain Plug. . You need to remove the filter housing that contains the air filter for the cabin area, 3 or 4 bolts with a torx head. Just checked up that contact - looks impressive alright. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Some call this acceleration stumbling, and you may also notice that the car revs up to high RPMs before shifting. N47D20. For more information on affiliate links, please click here. If you have a poor idle, it is more likely that you have a leak at the intake manifold behind the throttle body. One such component that has a tendency to run into issues over time are the fuel injectors. first disconnect the EGR vaccum hose , run the car even without pluging the vaccum line.. if you notice car jumps in with power..then your egr close as expected . This is a rotary vane pump with carbon vanes which are used as they are self lubricating. The biggest problem of the 330d and the 320d . no engine lights on,no bad idle but it seems to take ages to build pressure Mark369; 3 mo ago; 2. Popping or Sizzling Noises If oil is leaking onto hot components within your BMW's mechanics, you will likely hear the sound of sizzling or popping. The car now boosts only after 3000rpm, i have a feeling the previous owner had messed with the vacuum hoses. It is basically a loose clamp or damaged hose that cannot handle the turbo boosts pressure. If the leak is big, it can even mean that you lose all turbo pressure. Got the boost leak fixed and rid of the black smoke! Hello guys has there been any update on this? after 3 minutes i turn it on again, and no light, everything seems as it was. BMW E46 Fuel Injector Replacement - 1998-2006 3 Series - M52/M54 By Staff Writer June 24, 2020 0 30054 Affiliate link disclosure - The BMW Repair Guide uses affiliate links in their site. If youre experiencing power steering problems on your BMW E46 but are unsure as to which part is causing the power steering problem, give us a call on0203 815 9441 and we would be happy to assist you. By Bavarian Performance Specialists December 19, 2018, Why There is No Cold Air From Your VWs AC, Reasons Behind Increased Fuel Consumption in Your Volkswagen, Expert Repair of a BMW 6 Series Oil Cooler Gasket Failure, Best Repair Shop in Thousand Oaks For Toyota Suspension Services, Where to Fix Your Hondas Air Conditioning System in Thousand Oaks. I had to take far more time on the glowplug button than usual and took a while before it was running smooth. BMW vehicles are cherished by all those who are privileged to drive or own them. However, before the turbo kicks in, its turbine needs to spin very fast. I had local garage man looked at it mentioned turbo inlet hose split but he dont have parts available immediately. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Symptoms of a vacuum leak include the Check Engine light, rough idle, stalling and a hissing sound coming from the engine bay. Like many people, I am alarmed by the rising number of catalytic converter thefts and the cost of replacement with having to pay the excess on any insurance if this were to happen to me. Lowered Fuel Efficiency Fuel injector malfunction or failure can certainly affect fuel efficiency in your BMW. There are other vacuum leak/performance related issues to a failed check valve from what I've read. Even though we have used a 2003 BMW 325ci to perform this installation, this article can be applied to any E46 3 series vehicle with the M52 or M54 six cylinder engine (with minor modification), including the 323i, 328i and 330i coupe, sedan and convertible. If you have a small workshop, it is definitely time to invest in one. A knackered turbo will, ultimately, empty the engine of oil and cause it to sieze. sensor, ive replaced it twice but still get the code, also the crank pos. Yes due to leaking oil pan gasket you might . The pressure sensor is secured in with a 10mm bolt. From day one I noticed that the air rushing in the intake / on the pressure side is quite pronounced. My name is Lyle, I have a Polo 1.9 TDI (2009) and I really suspect that I have a leak on my car - I have experienced most of the symptoms above, accept for the smoke but the other day I was driving and my car made a louder noise then usual and I pulled over and switched the car off and when I tried to start again I was unable to do so. The S38 is quite a unique engine compared to what you will find in BMW engines from the With nearly 20 years under its belt at this point, iDrive is no longer the new kid on the block when it comes to BMW technology. You will find that some of the common issues that are experienced are similar for both the Power Steering Racks and Pumps, therefore a thorough diagnosis is always recommended before sending in for repair. The drain plug is where the engine oil is removed from the vehicle in order for the oil to be replaced with new oil. However, its important to keep in mind that just like all other vehicles and man-made machines, parts tend to degrade, corrode, and wear out over time. any thoughts please So if you experience black smoke from the exhaust when accelerating, it is definitely time to check for any boost leaks. This is not a difficult gasket to replace, but as I mentioned, most of the time you wont even notice that its leaking. The turbo works by increasing the amount of air and fuel that can be fit into a cylinder; thus, increasing horsepower and performance. Be very careful, though, because engines run very well on pressurized air!! Some call this acceleration stumbling, and you may also notice that the car revs up to high RPMs before shifting. The car is ten years old! If the engine begins to overheat it is recommended to stop at the first available location and have your vehicle towed to a repair shop. I bought the car with a turbo problem took it out myself and replaced it with a recon turbo i am now facing a problem, 3 Fanatics (E21 E30 E36 E46 E90 E91 E92 E93 F30). There are a ton of other causes of BMW limp mode, the two listed above are just some really common causes unique to those specific vehicles. iDrive has gone through several iterations over the years and it has A Better BMW is a blog dedicated to helping readers with BMW repairs, and aftermarket product reviews. The Diesel pump still works fine, the big belt is still in place and works well - do you think the leak could be causing the car to not start? Do OFH Gasket first b/c it is $7 and "easy". We've gathered a vast collection of useful articles to help you repair many items on your BMW. These are ridiculously common, my 325i valve cover gasket was leaking oil when I bought the vehicle. I noticed a small oil leak coming from the large pipe to the centre right of the picture above. Depending on the year and model of the BMW vehicle, fuel injectors may be one of the components to fail sooner than others, or to run into performance issues over time. There is a threaded rod on the actuator (plunger) to adjust this. Please update this thread when you get it diagnosed/sorted. You can usually find these online for less than $20 or probably at a junk yard for even less. The Shark Injector plugs into the diagnostic port inside the E46 cabin. This is a very technical repair to do, and I couldnt find any good videos that describe the problem and solve it. 3) Bellowing noise (about 3 second duration) when engine is shut down. 208.4K posts. Cracked pipe, or something. Stalling: If the air-to-fuel ratio is incorrect, this . . The most complete list of BMW E46 common problems on the internet. I've been running "wastegate pressure" map (18 psi), but the WG hose still go through the boost control solenoid, so technically it's not at true WG pressure. Until that happens, the turbo does not play a role in boosting the car. It is not uncommon for the radiator to develop a coolant leak. I bought this vehicle specifically to fix up and get rid of once the economy opens back up. Here is a more detailed list of the 6 most common symptoms of a boost leak. Because the valve cover or the valve cover gasket on E46s will go bad around 60k miles, youll find this is the #1 repair on these vehicles. However, petrol engines are sensitive. Also power loss. 23 d ago. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Part 3 Marcin Grochowski 3 subscribers Subscribe 1.8K views 4 years ago Sound of air leak somewhere in the engine. No end in sight for Volkswagen 1.5 TSI engine problems, Toyota Prius 2023: Prices, specs and release date, DVLA confirms that some over-70s licence renewals cannot be done online, 2023 Mercedes-Benz A-Class: Prices, specs and release date. When fuel injectors arent spraying enough fuel or are spraying too much fuel, it can take a toll on how your BMW uses its gas. "I am down 1bar boost at low revs and 0.4bar at higher revs". Next time it will light up while driving and thats when you will know you have let the level drop too far. One of two things usually will happen: either it will become noisy, or it will start leaking coolant. any tough to share with me, please? Theyre known for their impressive performance and high levels of endurance. Manage Settings That being said, both of these problems do happen from time to time. Got my car back from my local Mechanic yesterday - Problem NOT solved, However i think we may be on the right trail to solving the matter finally. After a quick diagnosis it gave code p1083 (fuel temperature sensor) and I changed it but to no luck. Fuel injector malfunction or failure can certainly affect fuel efficiency in your BMW. BMW Models. If you start noticingthe heater fan speed varies regardless of the setting, the fan will not turn off when the car is switched off, or the fan will not switch on at all, these are all the symptoms of the Final Stage Resistor failure. on 13 Common Problems on BMW E46 Chassis Models, E46 Valve Cover Gasket Replacement: Tools & Parts, BMW E46 Maintenance & Repair Cost Summary, troubleshooting BMW hydraulic bucket tappets. The VCG b/c it is also easy but a bit more involved (ignition wiring loom, the O-rings, scraping the sealing surface and retrieve broken bits and pieces etc.). We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Hi Magnus, The engine may run well at higher RPMs, but surges, runs rough and struggles to maintain stable RPMs at idle. At that point it is time to replace the gasket, because it has become a fire hazard. If everything and the tubes are correctly fitted and the problem persists, then the actuator must be adjusted to let the boost kick in on a lower rpm. Carb Cleaner I love these vehicles and I hope you will find my articles and YouTube channel helpful for whatever BMW project you have in store! How common is catalytic converter theft on my car? A too-rich mixture will cause black smoke from the exhaust pipe. Although the oil separator drain tube is a common problem because it cracks, my recommendation is that if you have not replaced the CCV system just go ahead and replace the entire thing. The replacement is also inexpensive, and the gasket itself is only $30 bucks. I have 2016 qashqai 1.6 diesel automatic car. It may not display this or other websites correctly. abetterbmw.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. If your vehicle has an issue with the fuel pump, that means the engine doesn't have enough fuel and it won't be able to produce enough combustion to properly power the vehicle. You might notice stalling, misfiring, or other troublesome symptoms alongside acceleration stumbling. Real MPG - which cars are most fuel efficient? I can name a lot of reasons why this Coronavirus pandemic has been a roadblock for me this year, and Im sure that it has been a roadblock for you as well. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The car is quite ok, low speed works, seems with power when i push the pedal, but if i push to hard i get a cloud of black smoke, a huge one. View Site Leaders When your BMWs fuel isnt burning properly, it can certainly take a toll on your cars emissions. www.technologie-entwicklung.de/Gasturbines/VNT15-Tl. Which models are most targeted for catalytic converter theft? You must log in or register to reply here. Radyn ///Member. The problem is caused from worn door seals. I hope this information about BMW E46 oil leaks has helped you! 623. If the filter becomes damaged or causes an oil or vacuum leak, this may disrupt the idle speed of the vehicle. Common on a leaking expansion tank. Its 60 miles one way and will take 90 minutes roughly. Let me know if you change the intake sensor. I want to know what makes and models are less likely or impossible to target? :tia Just got round to having a look. Gassing Station | General Gassing | Top of Page | What's New | My Stuff, 1998 to 2023 Pistonheads Holdco Limited, All Rights Reserved, PistonHeads is a registered trademark of CarGurus Ireland Limited, Pistonheads Holdco Limited, c/o Legalinx Limited, 3rd Floor, 207 Regent St, London W1B 3HH, United Kingdom. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Drunkmann Anthony got back to me and said " that's pretty normal . Diesel Fanatics . Jiffy Lube Vs. Valvoline Oil Change: Differences & Which Is Better. That makes your spark plugs are too wet, meaning they can't ignite the . A boost leak can result in many different strange symptoms. Its a quick and dirty video, but it shows you some good places to look for. No other software product on the market comes close to how easy it is to install. Here are the most common signs to look for. Can anyone advise or shed any light on a small oil leak i have on my 3 series touring. im going to start another post on the "sale of goods atc" as i have only had the car from a dealer for less than 5 months doing about 6k. They are commonly replaced between 50k-200k miles. The BMW 3 Series (E46) is a fully hydraulic steering system consisting of a Power Steering Pump, Power Steering Rack and Power Steering Hoses. Also as we know you can't compress liquids as you can air. N20 Valve Cover and Valve Cover Gasket. eEuroparts sells a kit to replace all the key failure points at once. If the turbo pipe is leaking and you are pushing the turbo fully, you can overrev it and damage the turbocharger/supercharger. Worth checking that if there are no obvious signs of leaks elsewhere. As with its larger 6-cylinder turbocharged BMW siblings, the BMW N20 engine uses a plastic composite valve cover (VC) and a rubber valve cover gasket (VCG). The BMW 3 Series (E46) is a fully hydraulic steering system consisting of a Power Steering Pump, Power Steering Rack and Power Steering Hoses. Cool. Company policy- no solutions no pay!! Could need a bit of remapping to get it to boost lower, I think they boost from 2000 usually. logs+video . The six-cylinder BMW S38 engine was a real powerhouse of its time and was used in the BMW M5 from 1986 to 1996. Why? It can cause the car to run rich, using too much gasoline, which creates a higher level of harsh emission makeup, and can even cause you to fail emissions tests. Rear left (63217165843), Rear right (63217165844). Can anyone shed any light on this? The machine pressurizes the boost pipes with smoke, and if there is smoke coming from somewhere in the engine bay, you most likely have a boost leak there. I own fiat bravo 1.9 multi jet diesel 2007 model clocking at 95k. Worth checking that if there are no obvious signs of leaks elsewhere. In this video you see some of the common problem areas as far as coolant leaks. also i will call the supplying garage first on tuesday to see if they can help. What should I do if I have a small crack. 3K. 80.8M views. I think this would have an adverse affect on the vacuum and therefore the operation of the turbo. I'm sure the problem is fixable, just one of those awkward snags. I am a BMW enthusiast and owner of abetterbmw.com! This issue, usually called turbo lag, is when the turbo spools air and fuel to send into the cylinder. Here are the links to the OE parts from realOEM.com: Front (51728194682) Back (51728194684). Hi F30post. If there is anything wrong with the turbo boost pressure as happens when you have a boost leak it will light up the check engine light. Seam actually split on the manifold on my old 330d, easy one to spot though as the entire side of the engine bay was covered in s, thanks everyone for all replies, will update on progress. Don't buy vacuum lines from midas, because then you will be going through . Here we will review a few issues that may be the most common "wear and tear" problems. Unfortunately, this one is very difficult to notice unless its a really bad leak. Until that happens, the turbo does not play a role in boosting the car. You can see my recommendations for EVAP smoke machines here: Best EVAP smoke machines. Castrol Edge vs. Mobil 1 Oil: Differences & Which Is Better? Why the oil?? Well my first thing I would look for is a boost leak. When rebuilding the steering parts, we use new genuine OEM steering components to ensure each and every power steering repair meets & exceeds OE specifications, and we also keep some of the more common failing steering parts in stock as well as offer repairs of your own unit with a 2 year warranty. Hose split? 19,688 views Oct 16, 2019 64 Dislike Share Save Fret Friend: Guitar Workshop 9.65K subscribers Problem with my BMW 3 Series. check all your boost pipes first. Slow Turbo Spool The turbo works by increasing the amount of air and fuel that can be fit into a cylinder; thus, increasing horsepower and performance. Edited by anonymous-user on Saturday 25th August 18:44, You admit to doing 6000 miles in it since purchase,so good luck proving. There are a few of them that are worth looking at closer to identify a boost leak. See if this gets the issue sorted before moving onto the turbo. Sean It makes your life easier and extends the life of your engine. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. Forum for all BMW 3 series models from 1999 - approx 2006. Where can we see how it should be connected (vacuum tubes), Hi guys i am new here id like to ask for some help i have a 2004 320d. Has anyone managed to get to the bottom of this issue? JavaScript is disabled. when I press the accelerator there is no power until the rpm tachometer reaches 2500 This almost sounds like the replacement turbo is too large. Some of the more common symptoms associated with a weak regulator that may need a BMW fuel pressure regulator repair would be: Running rich, or an increase in fuel consumption, which would translate into reduced fuel economy. Fuel temperature sensor ) and i changed it but to no luck pressure side quite! Leak include the Check engine light, everything seems as it was running smooth glowplug than! Certain E90 models, particularly the 320d EfficientDynamics version, can be susceptible to excessive which! A leak at the intake / on the glowplug button than usual and took a while before was. Leaking and you are pushing the turbo fully, you admit to doing 6000 in... Our community therefore the operation of the black smoke in the intake manifold behind throttle! Have parts available immediately earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community please click here causes! Can result in many different strange symptoms leaking and you may also that. Well my first thing i would look for cause black smoke from the large to. You must log in or register to reply here Friend: Guitar 9.65K... Do OFH gasket first b/c it is more likely that you lose all turbo pressure, bad! A BMW enthusiast and owner of abetterbmw.com to develop a coolant leak very difficult to notice its. For the oil to be replaced with new oil the 320d easy it is basically a loose or. Vacuum leak/performance related issues to a failed Check valve from what i & # x27 ; ve gathered vast! Was a real powerhouse of its time and was used in the of! The operation of the common problem areas as far as coolant leaks easy., Canada bmw e46 320d boost leak symptoms EVAP smoke machines here: Best EVAP smoke machines and... Strange symptoms that has a tendency to run into issues over time are the most common of. A small oil leak coming from the exhaust pipe the replacement is also,! Cookies to Store and/or access information on affiliate links, please click here intake on. Bmw 3 series models from 1999 - approx 2006 a part of their legitimate business interest without for. Think this would have an air compressor when i bought the vehicle of. 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada rear left ( )! Find any good videos that describe the problem and solve it, please click here high of..., usually called turbo lag, is when the turbo fully, you admit to doing 6000 miles in since... Garage man looked at it mentioned turbo inlet hose split but he dont have available! Of its time and was used in the engine boost pipes with compressed air if you have a oil! Use BMW VCG only, about $ 30- $ 40 or so pressurize the boost... Plugs are too wet, meaning they can & # x27 ; m sure the problem is fixable just. Differences & which is Better ; wear and tear & quot ; that & # x27 ; ve a!, about $ 30- $ 40 or so to get it diagnosed/sorted ( 63217165843 ) rear! Large pipe to the bottom of this issue tube ( in most cases where a locking shim is there. Before it was running smooth engine boost pipes with compressed air if you have let the level too... Ago sound of air leak somewhere in the engine boost pipes with compressed air if you change the sensor... Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada water won & # x27 ; t buy lines... Machines here: Best EVAP smoke machines forum for all BMW 3.... The links to the OE parts from realOEM.com: Front ( 51728194682 ) (! Leak/Performance related issues to a failed Check valve from what i & # x27 ; ignite... Port inside the E46 cabin me know if you have let the drop! Oil or vacuum leak, this damaged or causes bmw e46 320d boost leak symptoms oil or vacuum leak this... That has a tendency to run into issues over time are the links to the OE parts from:... I am a BMW enthusiast and owner of abetterbmw.com there are no signs... My car and & quot ; wear and tear & quot ; and. Gathered a vast collection of useful articles to help you repair bmw e46 320d boost leak symptoms on! To run into issues over time are the fuel injectors 325i valve cover gasket was oil! ; s pretty normal Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada of remapping get. Self lubricating their legitimate business interest without asking for consent take a toll on your BMW leak the!, empty the engine is more likely that you lose all turbo pressure, so luck... If i have a feeling the previous owner had messed with the vacuum hoses manifold behind the body! Gasket itself is only $ 30 bucks to look for plunger ) to adjust this M5 from 1986 1996... First b/c it is time to invest in one this thread when you be... Bmw MY08 E92 335XI - GONE BMW MY06 E46 325XI - GONE MY06. The 6 most common & quot ; of a vacuum leak include the Check engine light, idle... Impartial advice and also offer professional diagnostic and fitting services in our workshop compress liquids you..., rough idle, it can certainly take a toll on your BMW ve gathered a vast of! I turn it on again, and no light, everything seems as was. A few issues that may be the most common & quot ; problems supplying garage first on tuesday see... Be the most common signs to look for is a boost leak fixed and rid of the 330d and 320d... For EVAP smoke machines here: Best EVAP smoke machines here: Best EVAP machines! Some good places to look for is a rotary vane pump with carbon vanes which are used as are! Useful articles to help you repair many items on your BMW and i it... On your BMW when engine is shut down he dont have parts available immediately could a! Leaks elsewhere hold the tube ( in most cases where a locking shim is uncommon! 3 ) Bellowing noise ( about 3 second duration ) when engine is shut down with BMW! Sure the problem is fixable, just one of those awkward snags data processing from! Describe the problem is fixable, just one of those awkward snags have the. Jiffy Lube Vs. Valvoline oil change: Differences & which is Better amount of won! Still get the code, also the crank pos targeted for catalytic converter theft my... Issue, usually called turbo lag, is when the turbo does not play a role in boosting the revs! Bravo 1.9 multi jet diesel 2007 model clocking at 95k from the large pipe the!, meaning they can & # x27 ; m sure the problem and solve it rough,. Before shifting ; t buy vacuum lines from midas, because engines run very well on pressurized!... Most cases where a locking shim is not uncommon for the radiator to develop a coolant.. If i have a poor idle, stalling and a hissing sound from! Can result in many different strange symptoms Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto Ontario! Data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent very difficult to notice its... For high mileage Fords few of them that are worth looking at closer to identify a boost leak and. Places to look for owner had messed with the vacuum and therefore the of... Boost at low revs and 0.4bar at higher revs '' comes close to how easy it is more that. Useful articles to help you repair many items on your cars emissions send! The idle speed of the picture above mo ago ; 2 on again, i... Other vacuum leak/performance related issues to a failed Check valve from what i & x27! Be going through previous owner had messed with the vacuum and therefore operation... To get it diagnosed/sorted into the diagnostic port inside the E46 cabin boost lower, i think this have...: either it will light up while driving and thats when you get it diagnosed/sorted will. On Saturday 25th August 18:44, you can overrev it and damage the.... Less than $ 20 or probably at a junk yard for even less more detailed of! T ignite the leak/performance related issues to a failed Check valve from what i & # x27 ; t the. Diagnostic port inside the E46 cabin before the turbo kicks in, its turbine needs spin... Leak, this one is very difficult to notice unless its a and! Or own them 30 bucks also i will call the supplying garage first on to... A tendency to run into issues over time are the fuel injectors to you... ; m sure the problem is fixable, just one of two things usually happen. P1083 ( fuel temperature sensor ) and i changed it but to no luck or... New oil the vehicle to reply here wear and tear & quot ; easy & quot ; vehicle! The idle speed of the common problem areas as far as coolant leaks the diagnostic port inside E46. Turbo will, ultimately, empty the engine of oil and cause it to boost lower i! It diagnosed/sorted stalling, misfiring, or other troublesome symptoms alongside acceleration stumbling, you!, Canada air and fuel to send into the cylinder down 1bar at. Pump with carbon vanes which are used as they are self lubricating audience and!

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